Bedmap3 is the most fine-grain map to date of the landscape beneath Antarctica's ice. Scientists created it using more than ...

Operations manager Gary Larsen points a flashlight on an ice formation ... back to the 1960s. The tunnel’s permafrost, defined as any ground or soil that remains frozen for at least two years ...

and even “old sea ice”, which is sea ice that has stayed frozen through at least one melting season. And according to the US Army Corps of Engineers, only 10 inches of ice is needed to hold a ...