Beethoven: life mask (c.1812). The mask was taken by sculptor ... of his many physicians because of the effect on his bowels. Ludwig was partial to an alcoholic beverage too.

Beethoven was convinced that the ‘van’ in his ... show up in the life mask made in 1812 and in the photograph taken of his skull in 1863 when the body was exhumed. In a document dated 1802 and not ...