faced a newly installed American flag and, for the first time, recited 23 words written by a man that few people today can name. “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it ...

It was the spring of 1954, and Congress had voted, after some controversy, to insert the phrase into the Pledge of Allegiance ... a National Flag Conference, presided over by the American Legion ...

“The flag ... as the Pledge of Allegiance appears to be, the framers of the U.S. Constitution did not specify a pledge or motto, noted Jack David Eller in his book “Inventing American ...

Tom Lewis’ father was a Marine Corps sergeant major and his mother a Native American ... they stood as one to pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic ...

The full pledge, which many American children memorized in school, is as follows: "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands ...