The beam will eject source atoms towards the substrate which then deposit as a thin film. The high vacuum ensures near line-of-sight deposition leading to minimal sidewall coverage, which is ideal for ...

Spin coating is a widely used technique for depositing thin, uniform films onto flat substrates ... Another variation, known as spray coating, involves the deposition of liquid droplets onto a ...

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PLD is widely used for the deposition of high-quality thin films for electronic, optical, and magnetic devices. Examples include transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), high-k dielectrics, ferroelectric ...