The first CMOS chip was created by Fairchild Semiconductor, presented at ISSCC in 1963. The logic topologies used in today’s textbooks originated in this work. P-type devices are slower than N-type by ...

What are the challenges for real-time biosensing and “edge” analysis? How do gold and gold-silver nanowires address the issue? How these sensors can implement elementary logic functions. Wearable ...

Analog vs. Digital: What’s the Difference? Air temperature, sound loudness,light intensity—in nature, all of these quantities vary smoothly and continuously over a range. Such quantities is called ...

VHDL and Verilog are hardware description languages, used to describe and define logic circuits. They’re typically used to design ASICs and to program FPGAs, essentially using software to define ...

Logic Gates are among the important components of a circuit. All the logical operations required to perform a particular task in an electronic circuit are carried by these logic gates. If you are an ...

In the first installment of this course, we learned that a digital value is a quantity that varies “in steps” and can take on only a finite number of values. In today’s logic systems, only two ...