Two top Russian weapons engineering institutes, named as developers of the Oreshnik missile by Ukrainian intelligence, have both been advertising for workers familiar with metalworking systems made by German and Japanese companies.

Sanctions are often viewed as a powerful tool to cut off a country’s access to advanced technology. Yet, in Russia’s case, loopholes and indirect supply chains seem to undermine these efforts. An investigation by the Financial Times reveals that Western manufacturing equipment is still being used in the production of Russia’s Oreshnik intermediate-range ballistic missile.