Abstract: Complex systems, due to their intrinsic nonlinearity, strong coupling and multi-objective characteristics, make mathematical modeling and solving an important challenge in theoretical ...

In 1867, Lord Kelvin imagined atoms as knots in the aether. The idea was soon disproven. Atoms turned out to be something ...

Using the James Webb Space Telescope, scientists have charted billions of years of galactic evolution, and found that ...

The birth of the universe has been a question that has puzzled scientists for centuries. In a groundbreaking study published ...